A miniature effect is a special effect created for motion pictures and television programs using scale models. Scale models are often combined with high speed photography to make effects appear believable to the viewer. The use of miniatures has largely been superseded by Computer-generated imagery in contemporary cinema.
Where a miniature appears in the foreground of a shot, this is often very close to the camera lens. For example when matte painted backgrounds are used. Since the exposure is set to the object being filmed so the actors appear well lit, the miniature must be over-lit in order to balance the exposure and eliminate any depth of field differences that would otherwise be visible. This foreground miniature usage is referred to as forced perspective. Models and miniatures are copies of people, settings, buildings and objects. Miniatures or models are used to represent things that do not really exist, or that are too expensive or difficult to film in reality, such as explosions, floods or fires.
Examples of where the miniature effect is used
Harry Potter:
Lord Of The Rings:
Batman:
Titanic:
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